GLOSSARY
 
A (Return to Top):
AJAX
Definition: allows a portion of a web page to be refreshed independently of others, unlike regular portal frameworks where the entire web page must be redrawn and all portlets updated. [1]
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJAX
 
Apache Jetspeed2
Definition: Jetspeed is an Open Portal Platform and Enterprise Information Portal, written entirely in open source under the Apache license in Java and XML. Jetspeed is an open component portal architecture based on standards. All access to the portal is managed through a robust portal security policy. Within a Jetspeed portal, individual portlets can be aggregated to create a page. Each portlet is an independent application with Jetspeed acting as the central hub making information from multiple sources available in an easy to use manner.A portal based on Jetspeed can make applications, database information and other data sources available to end-users through a single web site. Jetspeed provides a security infrastructure so that the information and functions made available to each user can be customized on basis of the user or a role that the user has. The user can access the portal via a web browser, WAP-phone, pager or any other device supported by the servlet engine.
URL:http://portals.apache.org/jetspeed-2/
 
Apache Lenya
Definition: Apache Lenya is an Open Source Java/XML Content Management System and comes with revision control, multi-site management, scheduling, search, WYSIWYG editors, and workflow.
URL:http://lenya.apache.org/
 
Apache Pluto
Definition: Pluto is the Reference Implementation of the Java Portlet Specfication. The current version (1.0) of this specification is JSR-168. Version 2.0 of the Specification is under development by the JSR-286 Expert Group.
URL:http://portals.apache.org/pluto/
 
Apache Tomcat
Definition: Apache Tomcat is an implmentation of the Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technologies.
URL:http://tomcat.apache.org/
 
Askalon
Definition: The goal of ASKALON is to simplify the development and optimization of applications that can harness the power of Grid computing. The ASKALON project crafts a novel environment based on new innovative tools, services, and methodologies to make Grid application development and optimization for real applications an everyday practice.
URL:http://www.askalon.org/
 
B (Return to Top):
BEA WebLogic
Definition: Oracle's business is information-how to manage it, use it, share it, protect it. For nearly three decades, Oracle, the world's largest enterprise software company, has provided the software and services that let organizations get the most up-to-date and accurate information from their business systems.
URL:http://www.bea.com/framework.jsp?CNT=index.htm&FP=/content/products/weblogic/server/
 
BEEP
Definition: BEEP, a network application framework protocol that enables network designers to spend more time in their own protocols rather than solving over and over again the same problem. The BEEP protocol is a definition based on the experience about well-known practices in network protocol design. These practices are found in many frequently-used network protocols that have been designed during the last 20 years, and are used day by day.
URL:http://beepcore.org/
 
BEinGrid
Definition: is the European Union’s largest integrated project funded by the Information Society Technologies (IST) research, part of the EU’s sixth research Framework Programme (FP6).
The BEinGRID consortium is composed of 75 partners who are running eighteen Business Experiments designed to implement and deploy Grid solutions in industrial key sectors.
URL:http://www.beingrid.com/
 
Belfast Gene Grid portal
Definition: The Belfast e-Science Centre (BeSC) is a regional centre of excellence focusing on Grid Technologies based within The Queen's University of Belfast (QUB). BeSC is one of eight regional e-Science Centres throughout the UK (Newcastle, Manchester, Cardiff, Cambridge, Oxford, Southampton and Imperial College London), with a National e-Science Centre based in Edinburgh.
URL:http://www.besc.ac.uk/public/
 
BIRN portal
Definition: The Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) is a geographically distributed virtual community of shared resources offering tremendous potential to advance the diagnosis and treatment of disease. BIRN is changing how biomedical scientists and clinical researchers make discoveries by enhancing communication and collaboration across research disciplines.
URL:http://portal.nbirn.net/
 
BREIN
Definition: Currently first steps are taken within research projects to foster uptake and use of Grid in business and society.
URL:http://www.gridsforbusiness.eu/
 
C (Return to Top):
CA CleverPath
Definition: Computer Associates' (CA) CleverPath Portal provides a personalized, intelligent, and engaging environment for effective collaboration and decision-making. Information Builders' WebFOCUS Open Portal Services integrates fully with the CleverPath Portal solution to deliver consistent, accurate real-time information on a broad scale throughout the enterprise at a low per-user cost.
URL:http://www.informationbuilders.com/products/webfocus/cleverpath.html
 
Cactus portal
Definition: The Cactus Portal evolved out of demands in the numerical relativity community where often large computational resources are required for the modeling of the complicated Einstein's equations. These numerical simulations can produce data sets in the order of terabytes and use thousands of processors, making them an ideal use-case for grid computing since traditional HPC centers may not be able to meet these requirements or a scientist may not have access to individual resources that can satisfy his needs.
URL:http://www.opengridportals.org/space/Scientific+Portals/Cactus+Portal
 
CCA
Definition: The Common Component Architecture (CCA) Forum is a group of researchers from national labs and academic institutions committed to defining a standard component architecture for high performance computing.The objective of the CCA Forum is to define a minimal set of standard interfaces that a high-performance component framework has to provide to components, and can expect from them, in order to allow disparate components to be composed together to build a running application. Such a standard will promote interoperability between components developed by different teams across different institutions.
URL:http://www.cca-forum.org/
 
Chronos portal
Definition: CHRONOS has been funded by the National Science Foundation - Division of Ocean Sciences for the collaborative proposal 'Ocean Drilling Data, Discovery, Global Visualization and Synthesis'. This research is a collaboration between Dr. W.B.F. Ryan of Columbia University and CHRONOS. The goal of this collaborative project is to make all “legacy” sediment and biostratigraphic data from the cores and downhole measurements of the Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean Drilling Program available via Web Services for visualization by the public using our own applications as well as other 3-D virtual globes in order to significantly enhance the use of these data for learning and scientific discovery.
URL:http://portal.chronos.org/
 
CHEF
Definition: Provide a mechanism for software development which will allow organizations to share and re-use each other’s work.
URL:http://www.dr-chuck.com/talks.php?id=13
 
CIM
Definition: CIM provides a common definition of management information for systems, networks, applications and services, and allows for vendor extensions. CIM's common definitions enable vendors to exchange semantically rich management information between systems throughout the network.
URL:http://www.dmtf.org/standards/cim/
 
CIMA
Definition: The Common Instrument Middleware Architecture (CIMA) project, supported by the National Science Foundation Middleware Initiative, is aimed at "Grid enabling" instruments as real-time data sources to improve accessibility of instruments and to facilitate their integration into the Grid. CIMA middleware is based on current Grid implementation standards and accessible through platform independent standards such as the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) and the Common Component Architecture (CCA). Emphasis will be placed on supporting a variety of instrument and controller types including creating a small implementation that can be used with tiny wireless controllers such as the Berkeley Mote sensor package as well as embedded PC-104 and VME-based controller systems.
URL:http://www.instrumentmiddleware.org/
 
CIMA X-Ray Crystalloghy portal
Definition: The Common Instrument Middleware Architecture (CIMA) project, supported by the National Science Foundation Middleware Initiative, is aimed at "Grid enabling" instruments as real-time data sources to improve accessibility of instruments and to facilitate their integration into the Grid. CIMA middleware is based on current Grid implementation standards and accessible through platform independent standards such as the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) and the Common Component Architecture (CCA). Emphasis will be placed on supporting a variety of instrument and controller types including creating a small implementation that can be used with tiny wireless controllers such as the Berkeley Mote sensor package as well as embedded PC-104 and VME-based controller systems.

The CIMA implementation will be evaluated in three settings representing a spectrum of shared instrument applications:

* X-ray crystallography at a synchrotron source,
* Remote interaction with robotic telescopes, and
* wireless sensor networks (e.g. Berkeley MOTES and larger nodes for ecological monitoring).

The end product will be a consistent and reusable framework for including shared instrument resources in geographically distributed Grids. A primary challenge addressed by this research program is the lack of a generalized approach to instrument middleware that allows existing and new instruments to be integrated into Grid computing environments. Other issues to be explored include extending the accessibility of instruments to new classes of users, use of instruments by software agents, and increasing the longevity, flexibility and durability of software systems for instruments.

URL:http://www.instrumentmiddleware.org/
 
COG kit
Definition: allow Grid users, Grid application developers, and Grid administrators to use, program, and administer Grids from a higher-level framework.
URL:http://www.cogkit.org/
 
Community Grids Lab
Definition: The Community Grids Lab works synergistically with the Advanced Network Management Lab and the Open Systems Lab to explore the architecture and middleware software for grids that could include high performance computing, electronic communities, distributed education, peer-to-peer systems and business-to-business electronic commerce. Specifically, the lab focuses on developing grids for wireless personal digital assistants and collaborative Internet portals for computing and education.
URL:http://www.communitygrids.iu.edu/
 
Condor
Definition: develop, implement, deploy, and evaluate mechanisms and policies that support High Throughput Computing (HTC) on large collections of distributively owned computing resources.
URL:http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/
 
CORBA
Definition: is the acronym for Common Object Request Broker Architecture, OMG's open, vendor-independent architecture and infrastructure that computer applications use to work together over networks. Using the standard protocol IIOP, a CORBA-based program from any vendor, on almost any computer, operating system, programming language, and network, can interoperate with a CORBA-based program from the same or another vendor, on almost any other computer, operating system, programming language, and network.
URL:http://www.omg.org/gettingstarted/corbafaq.htm
 
D (Return to Top):
D-Grid
Definition: developing a distributed, integrated resource platform for high-performance computing and related services to enable the processing of large amounts of scientific data and information.
URL:http://www.d-grid.de/index.php?id=1&L=1
 
DAGMan
Definition: DAGMan (Directed Acyclic Graph Manager) is a meta-scheduler for Condor. It manages dependencies between jobs at a higher level than the Condor Scheduler.
URL:http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/dagman/
 
DMTF
Definition: plans to feature Open Virtualization Format (OVF) and other standards-based virtual machine managements from multiple vendors.
URL:http://www.dmtf.org/home
 
E (Return to Top):
 
 
F (Return to Top):
 
 
G (Return to Top):
GAMA
Definition: GAMA is complete GSI credential management and integration solution tailored for use in emerging CyberInfrastructure through web portals or web service-based clients.
URL:http://grid-devel.sdsc.edu/gridsphere/gridsphere?cid=gama
 
GAS
Definition: Grid Security
URL:http://www.gridlab.org/WorkPackages/wp-6/
 
Gateway
Definition: A gateway is a portal that is dedicated to providing services to a specific user community. [1]
URL:http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212176,00.html
 
GCE-RG
Definition: The GGF Grid Computing Environment research group is aimed at contributing to the coherence and interoperability of frameworks, portals, PSEs, and other Grid-based computing environments by establishing standards that are required to integrate technology implementations and solutions.
URL:https://forge.gridforum.org/projects/gce-rg/
 
GEONgrid
Definition: The Geosciences Network (GEON) project is a collaboration among a dozen PI institutions and a number of other partner projects, institutions, and agencies to develop cyberinfrastructure in support of an environment for integrative geoscience research.
URL:http://www.geongrid.org/
 
GGF
Definition: is an open community committed to driving the rapid evolution and adoption of applied distributed computing. Applied Distributed Computing is critical to developing new, innovative and scalable applications and infrastructures that are essential to productivity in the enterprise and within the science community. OGF accomplishes its work through open forums that build the community, explore trends, share best practices and consolidate these best practices into standards.
URL:http://www.ggf.org
 
GGF-WGs
Definition: is an open community committed to driving the rapid evolution and adoption of applied distributed computing. Applied Distributed Computing is critical to developing new, innovative and scalable applications and infrastructures that are essential to productivity in the enterprise and within the science community. OGF accomplishes its work through open forums that build the community, explore trends, share best practices and consolidate these best practices into standards.
URL:http://www.ggf.org
 
GPIR
Definition: is to aggregate and cache grid and portal related data collected by other technologies and make it available via a single tool using standard Web service queries.
URL:http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/projects/gpir.php
 
GRMS
Definition: GridLab Resource Management System
URL:http://www.gridlab.org/WorkPackages/wp-9/
 
GrADS
Definition: is to simplify distributed heterogeneous computing in the same way that the World Wide Web simplifed information sharing over the Internet. The GrADS project will explore the scientific and technical problems that must be solved to make grid application development and performance tuning for real applications an everyday practice.
URL:http://www.hipersoft.rice.edu/grads/
 
Gemstone project
Definition: an integrated framework for accessing grid resources that supports scientific exploration, workflow capture and replay, and a dynamic services oriented architecture. This framework provides researchers in the molecular sciences with a tool to discover remote grid application services and compose them as appropriate to the chemical and physical nature of the problem at hand.
URL:http://gemstone.mozdev.org/
 
GridAnt
Definition: GridAnt is an extension of the Apache Ant build tool residing in the Globus COG kit. GridAnt was begun as GSFL: Grid Service Flow Language in 2001. GridAnt allows for the construction of client side workflow for Globus Toolkit 3 applications. It allows for the specification of precondition and parallel tasks in much the same way as the Ant build tool.
URL:http://www.gridworkflow.org/snips/gridworkflow/space/GridAnt
 
Gridbus
Definition: Gridbus News Blog
URL:http://www.gridbus.org/
 
Gridlabs
Definition: The GridLab project is one of the biggest European research undertakings in the development of application tools and middleware for Grid environments. GridLab produces a set of application-oriented Grid services and toolkits providing capabilities such as dynamic resource brokering, monitoring, data management, security, information, adaptive services and more. Services are accessed using the Grid Application Toolkit (GAT). The GAT provides applications with access to various GridLab services, resources, specific libraries, tools, etc. in a way that the end-users and especially application developers can build and run applications on the Grid without needing to know details about the runtime environment in advance. Applications use the GAT through a fixed GAT API.
URL:http://www.gridlab.org/
 
Globus Toolkit 2 (GT2)
Definition: The Globus Toolkit provides three elements necessary for computing in a Grid environment. The first is Resource Management and it involves allocating resources provided by a Grid. The second is Information Services and it provides information about Grid resources. The third is Data Management and it involves accessing and managing data in a Grid environment.
URL:http://www.globus.org/toolkit/downloads/2.4.3/
 
Globus Toolkit 3 (GT3)
Definition: GT3 implements services with a combination of C and Java. The C components only run on Unix platforms, including Linux. As a result, the downloads are separated by the number of services they offer.
URL:http://www.globus.org/toolkit/downloads/3.0.2/
 
Globus Toolkit 4 (GT4)
Definition: GT4.0 is an open source software toolkit used for building grids with services written in a combination of C and Java. The C components run on Unix platforms, including Linux. The java-only portions may be run on any platform with a Java SDK.
URL:http://www.globus.org/toolkit/downloads/4.0.2/
 
GRaDS
Definition: The Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) is an interactive desktop tool that is used for easy access, manipulation, and visualization of earth science data. The format of the data may be either binary, GRIB, NetCDF, or HDF-SDS (Scientific Data Sets). GrADS has been implemented worldwide on a variety of commonly used operating systems and is freely distributed over the Internet.
URL:http://www.iges.org/grads/
 
GridFlow
Definition: GridFlow provides a unifying view of multimedia information. Several kinds of data -- raster graphics in any number of channels, coordinate transforms, matrices, vectors -- may all be represented by Grids (also known as multi-dimensional arrays). Grids exist in several ways: they are usually streamed from object to object, but they can also be stored in memory, stored into a file, sent through the network.
URL:http://gridflow.ca/svn/trunk/doc/introduction.html
 
GridFTP
Definition: GridFTP is a high-performance, secure, reliable data transfer protocol optimized for high-bandwidth wide-area networks. It is based upon the Internet FTP protocol, and it implements extensions for high-performance operation that were either already specified in the FTP specification but not commonly implemented or that were proposed as extensions by our team. The current GridFTP protocol specification is now a "proposed recommendation" document in the Global Grid Forum (GFD-R-P.020).
URL:http://www.globus.org/grid_software/data/gridftp.php
 
GridPort
Definition: The GridPort Toolkit (GridPort) enables the rapid development of highly functional grid portals that simplify the use of underlying grid services for the end-user. It comprises a set of portlet interfaces and services in the portal layer that provide access to a wide range of backend grid and information services provided by lower-level grid technologies including the Globus Toolkit, the Grid Portal Information Repository (GPIR), and Condor. Portlets expose the backend services via customizable web interfaces in order to enable personalization of grid portal user interfaces. Portal services support the portlets inside the portal layer by augmenting their capabilities in an extensible and reusable way while tying the portlets together in order to make them more cohesive. GridPort is intended for use by developers of grid-enabled portals, portlets, and applications.
URL:http://www.gridport.net
 
GridShib
Definition: Integrating federated authorization infrastructure (Shibboleth) with Grid technology (the Globus Toolkit) to provide attribute-based authorization for distributed scientific communities.
URL:http://gridshib.globus.org/
 
Gridsphere
Definition: The GridSphere portal framework provides an open-source portlet based Web portal. GridSphere enables developers to quickly develop and package third-party portlet web applications that can be run and administered within the GridSphere portlet container. Here you will find the GridSphere portal framework available for download and documentation related to the installation and development of portlets using GridSphere.
URL:http://www.gridsphere.org/
 
H (Return to Top):
HPC-Europa
Definition: HPC-Europa++ is a consortium of six leading High Performance Computing (HPC) infrastructures and five centres of excellence. This consortium aims to provide advanced computational services in an integrated manner to the European research community working at the frontiers of science. The HPC-Europa++ partners provide access both to a broad spectrum of HPC systems and to a wide variety of suitable computational environments, allowing European researchers to remain competitive with teams elsewhere in the world. Moreover, the culture of co-operation fostered by the consortium's Joint Research and Networking activities generates critical mass for computational science.
URL:http://www.hpc-europa.org/
 
HTTP-R
Definition: Reliable HTTP (HTTPR) is a protocol that offers the reliable delivery of HTTP packets between the server and client. This solves a number of issues that are evident in current HTTP and opens the way to reliable messaging between Web services.
URL:http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/webservices/library/ws-phtt/
 
I (Return to Top):
IBM Websphere
Definition: Integration and application infrastructure software.
URL:http://www.ibm.com/websphere
 
ICENI
Definition: Imperial College e-Science Networked Infrastructure
URL:http://www.lesc.ic.ac.uk/iceni/
 
InfoGlue
Definition: InfoGlue have step by step matured into one of the most advanced, scalable and robust Open Source content management / portal platforms available.
URL:http://www.infoglue.org/
 
IntelliGrid
Definition: Provides information on several types of grids and software.
URL:http://www.intelligrid.net/
 
J (Return to Top):
jPortlet
Definition: jPortlet is an open-sourced implementation of a Portlet Container.
URL:http://jportlet.sourceforge.net/
 
J2EE
Definition: Platform for SOA and next-generation web applications.
URL:http://java.sun.com/javaee/
 
JBOSS
Definition: Provides a home for the development of Java Middleware in open source by an open community.
URL:http://labs.jboss.com/portal
 
JCP
Definition: Community development of Java Technology Specifications.
URL:http://jcp.org/
 
Joomla
Definition: Joomla! is one of the most powerful Open Source Content Management Systems on the planet. It is used all over the world for everything from simple websites to complex corporate applications. Joomla! is easy to install, simple to manage, and reliable.
URL:http://www.joomla.org/
 
JSDL
Definition: Software Map
URL:http://sourceforge.net/projects/sdljava/
 
Java Server Faces (JSF)
Definition: JavaServer Faces technology simplifies building user interfaces for JavaServer applications. Developers of various skill levels can quickly build web applications by: assembling reusable UI components in a page; connecting these components to an application data source; and wiring client-generated events to server-side event handlers.
URL:http://java.sun.com/javaee/javaserverfaces/
 
JSRs
Definition: Java Specification Requests
URL:http://jcp.org/en/jsr/all
 
JSR 168
Definition: Portlet Specification
URL:http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=168
 
JSR 286
Definition: Portlet Specification 2.0
URL:http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=286
 
K (Return to Top):
Karajan
Definition: Java CoG Kit Karajan/Gridant Workflow Guide
URL:http://www.cogkit.org/release/4_0_a1/manual/workflow/workflow.html
 
Kepler
Definition:Scientists in a variety of disciplines (e.g., biology, ecology, astronomy) need access to scientific data and flexible means for executing complex analyses on those data. Such analyses can be captured as 'scientific workflows' in which the flow of data from one analytical step to another is captured in a formal workflow language. The Kepler project's overall goal is to produce an open-source scientific workflow system that allows scientists to design scientific workflows and execute them efficiently using emerging Grid-based approaches to distributed computation.

Kepler is based on the Ptolemy II system for heterogeneous, concurrent modeling and design. Ptolemy II was developed by the members of the Ptolemy project at UC Berkeley. Although not originally intended for scientific workflows, it provides a mature platform for building and executing workflows, and supports multiple models of computation.

URL:http://kepler-project.org/
 
Kosmos
Definition: Kosmos stands for K omposite O pen S ource Mo nitoring S uite. Kosmos is a suite of software development project monitoring portlets, developed at JBoss Labs . The JSR-168-compliant portlets are backed by a server component, to track the evolution of various aspects: version control, issue tracker, continuous integration builds and project dependencies. It delivers an instant project state view in quasi-realtime .
URL:http://labs.jboss.com/portal/kosmos/
 
L (Return to Top):
LEAD
Definition: Linked Environments for Atmospheric Discovery (LEAD) makes meteorological data, forecast models, and analysis and visualization tools available to anyone who wants to interactively explore the weather as it evolves. The LEAD Portal brings together all the necessary resources at one convenient access point
URL:http://leadproject.org
 
Liferay
Definition: Liferay is committed to the spirit of Open Source and offer innovation and reliability thanks to one of the market's most active and mature communities.
URL:http://www.liferay.com/web/guest/home
 
M (Return to Top):
Mambo
Definition: A place for templates.
URL:http://www.mamboserver.com/
 
Midgard
Definition: Midgard CMS is an Open Source Content Management System built on top of the Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP (LAMP) platform. It provides a reliable, powerful and internationalized set of tools for building web sites and networked applications.Midgard utilizes PHP as the web scripting language and provides integration interfaces on Java and C layers. Midgard's unique architecture enables it to provide services like single sign-on and replication. With these capabilities and the integrated full-text search system, Midgard is an excellent match for information-rich web sites and intranets.
URL:http://www.midgard-project.org/
 
MyGrid Bioinformatics portal
Definition: myGrid is a suite of components designed to support in silico science, encompassing workflow design and execution, data and metadata management and provenance collection.
The wealth of bioinformatics resources and data available in the public domain provides scientists with great opportunities for research, but the distribution and heterogeneity of the data means that integrating resources is challenging.
myGrid addresses this problem by providing a mechanism of interoperating and integrating between these resources using Taverna workflows. Taverna workflows connect distributed web services and other services. Most of these services are not developed or maintained by myGrid, they are provided by third parties, for example, the major bioinformatics service providers – EBI, NCBI, DDBJ, and KEGG. In most cases, they are not even developed for Taverna, we simply exploit the Web Service technologies being adopted by the community.
URL:http://www.mygrid.org.uk/
 
MyProxy
Definition: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security credentials (certificates and private keys). MyProxy combines an online credential repository with an online certificate authority to allow users to securely obtain credentials when and where needed. Users run myproxy-logon to authenticate and obtain credentials, including trusted CA certificates and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs).
URL:http://grid.ncsa.uiuc.edu/myproxy/
 
N (Return to Top):
.NET
Definition: The .NET Framework is Microsoft's managed code programming model for building applications on Windows clients, servers, and mobile or embedded devices. Developers use .NET to build applications of many types: Web applications, server applications, smart client applications, console applications, database applications, and more.
URL:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/netframework/default.aspx
 
NEESGrid portal
Definition: Your destination for Earthquake Engineering and more.
URL:http://www.neesgrid.org/
 
NMI
Definition: The NMI provides a practical mechanism for commercial and technological development of the microelectronics industry in the UK and Ireland.
URL:http://www.nmi.org.uk/
 
NPACI
Definition: National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure: Archives
URL:http://www.npaci.edu/
 
NPACI HotPage
Definition: HotPage enables researchers to find information about each of the resources in the US NPACI computational grid: technical documentation, operational status, load and current usage, queued jobs, etc.
URL:http://enterthegrid.com/vmp/articles/EnterTheGrid/AE-ETG-profile-169.html
 
Novell exteND
Definition: Novell's world class support organization offers customers the best support experience in the industry. Learn about Novell's commitment to quality and how customers and industry experts recognize Novell as one of the finest support organizations in the world.
URL:http://support.novell.com/techcenter/articles/nc2003_04e.html
 
O (Return to Top):
OASIS
Definition: OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) is a not-for-profit consortium that drives the development, convergence and adoption of open standards for the global information society. The consortium produces more Web services standards than any other organization along with standards for security, e-business, and standardization efforts in the public sector and for application-specific markets. Founded in 1993, OASIS has more than 5,000 participants representing over 600 organizations and individual members in 100 countries.
URL:http://www.oasis-open.org/
 
OGCE
Definition: The OGCE collaboration develops reusable portal components (JSR 168-compatible portlets), Web services, tools, and libraries for building Web portals for science gateways.
URL:http://www.ogce.org/
 
OGSA
Definition: Successful realization of the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) vision of a broadly
applicable and adopted framework for distributed system integration, virtualization, and
management requires the definition of a core set of interfaces, behaviors, resource models, and
bindings. This document, produced by the OGSA working group within the Global Grid Forum
(GGF), provides a first version of this OGSA definition. The document focuses on requirements
and the scope of important capabilities required to support Grid systems and applications in both
e-science and e-business. The capabilities described are Execution Management, Data, Resource
Management, Security, Self-Management, and Information. The description of the capabilities is
at a high-level and includes, to some extent, the interrelationships between the capabilities.
URL:http://www.gridforum.org/documents/GWD-I-E/GFD-I.030.pdf
 
OGSA-DAI
Definition: The aim of the OGSA-DAI project is to develop middleware to assist with access and integration of data from separate sources via the grid. The project was conceived by the UK Database Task Force and is working closely with the Open Grid Forum DAIS-WG. OGSA-DAI is funded as one of three OMII-UK sites which together aim to provide software and support to enable a sustained future for the UK e-Science community and its international collaborators. The project works closely with the Globus, ADMIRE, OMII-Europe, NextGRID, SIMDAT and BEinGRID teams to ensure the OGSA-DAI software works in a variety of grid environments.
URL:http://www.ogsadai.org.uk/
 
OGSI
Definition: Building on both Grid and Web services technologies, the Open Grid Services Infrastructure
(OGSI) defines mechanisms for creating, managing, and exchanging information among entities
called Grid services. Succinctly, a Grid service is a Web service that conforms to a set of
conventions (interfaces and behaviors) that define how a client interacts with a Grid service.
These conventions, and other OGSI mechanisms associated with Grid service creation and
discovery, provide for the controlled, fault-resilient, and secure management of the distributed
and often long-lived state that is commonly required in advanced distributed applications. In a
separate document, we have presented in detail the motivation, requirements, structure, and
applications that underlie OGSI. Here we focus on technical details, providing a full specification
of the behaviors and Web Service Definition Language (WSDL) interfaces that define a Grid
service.
URL:http://xml.coverpages.org/OGSI-SpecificationV110.pdf
 
OMII
Definition: OMII-UK provides and supports free, open-source software to enable a sustained future for the UK e-Research community.
URL:http://www.omii.ac.uk/
 
Oracle AS
Definition: The Oracle WebLogic Application Server product line is the industry's most comprehensive platform for developing, deploying, and integrating enterprise applications. At the center of the product line is Oracle WebLogic Server, a powerful and scalable Java EE server. It combines with Oracle Application Server and additional performance enhancing products such as Oracle JRockit and Oracle Coherence to form the Oracle WebLogic Suite. In addition, Oracle WebLogic Application Grid provides the necessary Java infrastructure for extreme transaction processing (XTP).
URL:http://www.oracle.com/appserver/index.html
 
ORNL NS Gateway
Definition: PowerPoint The Neutron Science TeraGrid Gateway (NSTG)
URL:http://www.gridforum.org/GGF14/GGF14_SGW_WS_Cobb_v01.ppt
 
OKI
Definition: O.K.I. is central to all of the systems we are developing: Segue, Concerto and Harmoni
URL:http://www.okiproject.org/
 
OKI OSIDs
Definition: O.K.I.'s OSIDs are the only specs that are currently offering a solution for service oriented plug-ability
URL:http://okicommunity.mit.edu/filemgmt/viewcat.php?cid=24
 
OpenPortal
Definition: OpenPortal is a web portal framework that allows its users to personalise their web page on the site running this software. The users constructs his/her page by selecting between a set of portlets made available. A portlet can be a servlet or a JSP page.
URL:http://sourceforge.net/projects/openportal/
 
P (Return to Top):
Pegasus
Definition: Pegasus Mapper, which maps high-level workflow descriptions onto distributed resources, Pegasus-WMS an end-to-end workflow management system developed in collaboration with the Condor group at the University of Wisconsin Madison, Ensemble Manager, which manages the mapping and executions of collections of workflows, and MCS, a metadata catalog service for the grid.
URL:http://pegasus.isi.edu/
 
Plumtree
Definition: List of refrences for services
URL:http://www.plumtree.com/
 
Portals
Definition: A portal is a web-based application that is customizable by the end-user.A portal, furthermore, is an aggregatorof content and applications or a single point of entry to a set of tools and/or applications defined by the useror by the portal service provider.Portlets are standards-based, portable, special servlets that produce fragments of markup (HTML) code that can be aggregated into a portal page.portlets are strung togetherto build a complex, complete portal. [1]
URL:http://www.nesc.ac.uk/action/esi/contribution.cfm?Title=686
 
Portlet
Definition: Portlets are pluggable user interface components that are managed and displayed in a web portal. Portlets produce fragments of markup code that are aggregated into a portal page. Typically, following the desktop metaphor, a portal page is displayed as a collection of non-overlapping portlet windows, where each portlet window displays a portlet. Hence a portlet (or collection of portlets) resembles a web-based application that is hosted in a portal. Some examples of portlet applications are email, weather reports, discussion forums, and news.
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portlet
 
Portlet Bridges
Definition: Portsmouth and Reading’s role in the Sakai VRE project is to develop and deploy a number of portlet-based tools and services.
URL:http://www.nesc.ac.uk/action/esi/download.cfm?index=3239
 
Portlet Container
Definition: is software running as a Java app inside a web container that allows a portlet to run. [1]
URL:https://portlet-container.dev.java.net/
 
Purdue NanoHub
Definition: The nanoHUB is a rich, web-based resource for research, education and collaboration in nanotechnology. The nanoHUB hosts over 1100 resources which will help you learn about nanotechnology, including Online Presentations, Courses, Learning Modules, Podcasts, Animations, Teaching Materials, and more. Most importantly, the nanoHUB offers simulation tools which you can access from your web browser, so you can not only learn about but also simulate nanotechnology devices. The nanoHUB also provides collaboration environment via Workspaces, Online meetings and User groups.Resources come from over 520 contributors in the nanoscience community, and are used by thousands of users from over 170 countries around the world. Most of our users come from academic institutions and use nanoHUB as part of their research and educational activities. But we also have users from national labs and from industry.

nanoHUB has now cited over 260 times in the scientific literature. About 60 percent of the citations stem from authors not affiliated with the NCN. Over 200 of the citations refer to nanotechnology research, with over 150 of them citing concrete resource usage. A list of tools ranked by citations is available. 20 citations elaborate on nanoHUB use in education and over 30 refer to nanoHUB as an example of a national cyberinfrastructure.

URL:http://www.nanohub.org/
 
Q (Return to Top):
 
 
R (Return to Top):
RFT
Definition: The Reliable Transfer Service (RFT) is an OGSA-based service that provides interfaces for controlling and monitoring third party file transfers using GridFTP servers. The client controlling the transfer is hosted inside of a Grid service so it can be managed using the soft state model and queried using the ServiceData interfaces available to all Grid services. It is essentially a reliable and recoverable version of the GT2 globus-url-copy tool and more.
URL:http://www-unix.globus.org/toolkit/docs/3.2/rft/index.html
 
RENCI Bioportal
Definition: The RENCI Science Portal has been created to develop and deploy a shared, extensible bioinformatics portal that can be used to train North Carolina students and empower researchers. The project leverages several concurrent and mutually supportive developments: (a) the substantial state commitment to bioinformatics and genomics, (b) the new Renaissance Computing Institute which spans UNC-CH, NCSU and Duke University, (c) continued support for bioinformatics activities on the UNC-Chapel Hill campus by the Center for Bioinformatics and (d) collaborative contributions by the High Performance Computing Department at Wake Technical Community College. It also builds on experience operating a bioinformatics portal for statewide use as well as emerging toolkits and standards for portals, clusters and grids.
URL:http://www.tgbioportal.org/
 
RSF
Definition: Reasonable Server Faces (RSF) is an open source web programming framework written in Java, and built on the Spring framework. It provides for Pure XHTML templating and complete request lifecycle handling.
URL:http://www2.caret.cam.ac.uk/rsfwiki/
 
S (Return to Top):
SAML
Definition: SAML is a framework for exchanging authentication and authorization information securely between two partners over the network using SOAP. SAML is agnostic of each partner's security systems or underlying apps/platforms. It standardizes the exchange of credentials in an XML format called "assertions". [1]
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAML
 
SAP E-portal
Definition: SAP Enterprise Portal helps companies reap the full benefit of their e-business infrastructure by unifying business processes. The benefits of enterprise portals include improved access to up-to-date information, leading to increased staff collaboration and productivity.
URL:http://h71028.www7.hp.com/enterprise/cache/3957-0-0-0-121.html
 
SCOOP
Definition: The SURA Coastal Ocean Observing and Prediction (SCOOP) program is working towards an integrated and coordinated coastal ocean observing and prediction system, leveraging emerging regional efforts and cutting edge Grid technologies. SCOOP ‘ s immediate goal is to provide a prototype of a distributed national laboratory for coastal research and operations, by implementing key elements of a distributed system for assessing and predicting environmental response to extreme events in the eastern U. S. coastal zone. The program will focus on numerical modeling, real-time data exchange and 24/7 operational prediction and visualization for storm surge, wind waves and surface currents, with special attention to predicting and visualizing phenomena that cause damage and inundation of coastal regions during severe storms and hurricanes.

SCOOP partners include Louisiana State University, University of Alabama at Huntsville, Texas A&M University, GoMOOS, University of Florida, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NOAA, University of Maryland, University of Miami, and Virginia Institute of Marine Science.

URL:http://scoop.lsu.edu/gridsphere
 
Servlet
Definition: Servlets are modular Java programs that perform a specific action and create HTML output. [1]
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servlet
 
ServoGrid portal
Definition: Solid Earth Research Virtual Observatory Grid
URL:http://www.servogrid.org/
 
Sharepoint
Definition: Microsoft Office SharePoint Server (MOSS)
URL:http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/FX010909721033.aspx
 
SOA
Definition: is a style of enterprise architecture that enables the creation of applications built by combining loosely coupled and interoperable services. These services inter-operate based on a formal definition which is independent from the underlying platform and programming language. The interface definition encapsulates the language-specific service implementation. A SOA is independent of development technology and is therefore vendor independent. The software components become very reusable because the interface is standards-compliant and is independent from the underlying implementation. [1]
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-Oriented_Architecture
 
SOAP
Definition: SOAP is an open, lightweight standard for exchanging XML based messages over the Internet. [1]
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOAP
 
Storage Resource Broker (SRB)
Definition: SRB – The SDSC Storage Resource Broker – supports shared collections that can be distributed across multiple organizations and heterogeneous storage systems.
URL:http://www.sdsc.edu/srb/index.php/Main_Page
 
Stringbeans
Definition: StringbeansTM is a platform for building enterprise information portals. The platform is composed of three components: a portal container/server, a Web Services platform, and a process automation engine. At this time we have released the portal server and Web services platform. The process automation engine will be released in the near future.
URL:http://www.nabh.com/projects/sbportal
 
Sun Java ES portal server
Definition: Allows users and groups to work together securely and more efficiently within a dynamic organizational structure. Increases enterprise productivity by enabling end-users to easily create their own team and community portals. Provides a personalized and secure portal experience through identity-based content delivery. Supports deployment and management of multiple portals from a single platform architecture
URL:http://www.sun.com/software/products/portal_srvr/
 
SURA
Definition: The Southeastern Universities Research Association (SURA) is a consortium of over sixty universities across the US. SURA jointly operates the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility on behalf of the US Department of Energy through Jefferson Science Associates, LLC - and runs the SURA Residence Facility. SURA also promotes initiatives in nuclear physics, information technologies, coastal research and technology commercialization.
URL:http://www.sura.org/
 
T (Return to Top):
Taverna
Definition: The Taverna workbench is a free software tool for designing and executing workflows, created by the myGrid project, and funded through OMII-UK. Taverna allows users to integrate many different software tools, including web services, such as those provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, The European Bioinformatics Institute, the DNA Databank of Japan (DDBJ), SoapLab, BioMOBY and EMBOSS.
URL:http://taverna.sourceforge.net/
 
TeraGrid portal
Definition: TeraGrid is an open scientific discovery infrastructure combining leadership class resources at eleven partner sites to create an integrated, persistent computational resource.

Using high-performance network connections, the TeraGrid integrates high-performance computers, data resources and tools, and high-end experimental facilities around the country. Currently, TeraGrid resources include more than 750 teraflops of computing capability and more than 30 petabytes of online and archival data storage, with rapid access and retrieval over high-performance networks. Researchers can also access more than 100 discipline-specific databases. With this combination of resources, the TeraGrid is the world's largest, most comprehensive distributed cyberinfrastructure for open scientific research.

TeraGrid is coordinated through the Grid Infrastructure Group (GIG) at the University of Chicago, working in partnership with the Resource Provider sites: Indiana University, the Louisiana Optical Network Initiative, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, the National Institute for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Purdue University, San Diego Supercomputer Center, Texas Advanced Computing Center, and University of Chicago/Argonne National Laboratory,

URL:http://www.teragrid.org/
 
TeraGrid User portal
Definition: The TeraGrid User Portal is a Web interface for making TeraGrid account management easier, for getting information about TeraGrid resources, and for accessing many of the existing TeraGrid services in a single place.

While users may utilize many features of the User Portal without logging in, authenticating provides access to a full set of services available on the TeraGrid. All new users will receive a "New User Form" via U.S. postal mail containing a User Portal username and password along with their other TeraGrid system account usernames and passwords.

URL:https://portal.teragrid.org/
 
Tibco Portalbuilder
Definition: In today's fast-moving marketplace, people inside and outside of organizations require and demand more complete and timely information and access to applications. At the same time, they run the risk of being overwhelmed by information of varying significance or relevance. To meet these challenges organizations must give stakeholders easy access to customizable views of internal and external resources such as content, services, applications, and business processes.
URL:http://www.tibco.com/software/portal/portalbuilder/default.jsp
 
Triana
Definition: An open source problem solving environment developed at Cardiff University that combines an intuitive visual interface with powerful data analysis tools. Already used by scientists for a range of tasks, such as signal, text and image processing, Triana includes a large library of pre-written analysis tools and the ability for users to easily integrate their own tools.
URL:http://www.trianacode.org/
 
Tupelo
Definition: Tupelo is a data and metadata management system based on semantic web technologies. Tupelo provides a variety of generic utilities for managing large RDF graphs using best-of-breed RDF database implementations such as Jena and Sesame.

Tupelo is designed for archiving large-scale, complex scientific data and metadata collections. It is also suitable for more conventional digital libraries containing Dublin Core or other standard digital library metadata schemas. Its RDF-based metadata framework can support a wide variety of schemas, from simple, flat-namespace schemas such as Dublin Core, to hierarchical models derived from XML Schema, to more web-like models derived from RDF variants such as RSS.

URL:http://dlt.ncsa.uiuc.edu/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
 
U (Return to Top):
UDDI
Definition: UDDI is a specification used for companies to dynamically find and use WS. It specifies the XML format in which data is stored and an API for searching existing data using SOAP. UDDI is also a fully operational implementation of the spec and a registry for businesses worldwide to list their WS (using WSDL) on the Internet. [1]
URL:http://www.uddi.org/
 
UDDI Business Registry
Definition: The UBR is a public business registry. At the time of this writing, there were four vendors that participated in the UBR (Microsoft, SAP, NTT Com and IBM). Each of these vendors host a public instance of a UDDI directory. The contents of this director are replicated between themselves.

Usually, the vendors will also provide testing versions of the the registries for programmers to play with before making a service live.

URL:http://www.serviceoriented.org/uddi_business_registry.html
 
Unicore
Definition: UNICORE (Uniform Interface to Computing Resources) offers a ready-to-run Grid system including client and server software. UNICORE makes distributed computing and data resources available in a seamless and secure way in intranets and the internet.
URL:http://www.unicore.org/
 
uPortal
Definition: uPortal is a free, sharable portal under development by institutions of higher-education. This group sees an institutional portal as an abridged and customized version of the institutional Web presence... a "pocket-sized" version of the campus Web. Portal technology adds "customization" and "community" to the campus Web presence. Customization allows each user to define a unique and personal view of the campus Web. Community tools, such as chat, forums, survey, and so on, build relationships among campus constituencies.

uPortal is an open-standard effort using Java, XML, JSP and J2EE. It is a collaborative development project with the effort shared among several of the JA-SIG member institutions. You may download uPortal and use it on your site at no cost.

URL:http://www.uportal.org/
 
UT Flood Modeling portal
Definition: The Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) is a research center at the University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin) reporting to the Office of the Vice President for Research. TACC provides advanced computing resources and services to enable computationally intensive research and conducts research and development to enhance the capabilities of these resources.
URL:http://www.tacc.utexas.edu/research/users/features/floodmodeling.php
 
V (Return to Top):
Vignette Portal Server
Definition: Vignette helps organizations improve the way they connect online with their key audiences. Our customers are leaders in their respective industries in no small part because they have executed well on their Web strategies. Our unique contribution lies in our technology and our ability to leverage that technology in support of those diverse strategies.
URL:http://www.vignette.com/
 
Vine project
Definition: Grid Portlets Technology Update
URL:http://www.nesc.ac.uk/action/esi/download.cfm?index=3237
 
W (Return to Top):
W3C
Definition: The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops interoperable technologies (specifications, guidelines, software, and tools) to lead the Web to its full potential. W3C is a forum for information,
commerce, communication, and collective understanding.
URL:http://www.w3c.org/
 
WC
Definition: is a server that runs Java servlets and allows access (to servlets) via HTTP. [1]
URL:http://www.webservertalk.com/message51462.html
 
WBEM
Definition: Web-Based Enterprise Management (WBEM) is a set of management and Internet standard technologies developed to unify the management of distributed computing environments. WBEM provides the ability for the industry to deliver a well-integrated set of standard-based management tools, facilitating the exchange of data across otherwise disparate technologies and platforms.
URL:http://www.dmtf.org/standards/wbem/
 
WS
Definition: Web Service is defined by the W3C as "a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network". Web services are frequently just Web APIs that can be accessed over a network, such as the Internet, and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services.
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_services
 
WS-Addressing
Definition: WS-Addressing provides transport-neutral mechanisms to address Web services and messages. Specifically, this specification defines XML elements to identify Web services endpoints and to secure end-to-end endpoint identification in messages. This specification enables messaging systems to support message transmission through networks that include processing nodes such as endpoint managers, firewalls, and gateways in a transport-neutral manner.
URL:http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/ws-add/
 
WS-I
Definition: The Web Services Interoperability Organization (WS-I) is an open industry organization chartered to establish Best Practices for Web services interoperability, for selected groups of Web services standards, across platforms, operating systems and programming languages.
URL:http://www.ws-i.org/
 
WS-Notification
Definition: The WS-Notification family of documents includes a white paper, "Publish-Subscribe Notification for Web services" as well as three normative specifications: WS-BaseNotification, WS-BrokeredNotification, and WS-Topics.
URL: http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/ws-notification/
URL:http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsn
 
WS-Reliability
Definition: The purpose of the OASIS WSRM TC is to create a generic and open model for ensuring reliable message delivery for Web services.
URL:http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsrm
 
WS-Security
Definition:Delivering a technical foundation for implementing security functions such as integrity and confidentiality in messages implementing higher-level Web services applications.
URL:http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wss
 
WSDL
Definition: SAML is a framework for exchanging authentication and authorization information securely between two partners over the network using SOAP. SAML is agnostic of each partner's security systems or underlyingapps/platforms. It standardizes the exchange of credentials in an XML format called "assertions". [1]
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSDL
URL:http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl
 
WSDM
Definition: Defining a Web services architecture to manage distributed resources.
URL:http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsdm
 
WSRF
Definition: Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) is a family of OASIS-published specifications for web services. Major contributors include the Globus Alliance and IBM.
URL:http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsrf
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Services_Resource_Framework
 
WSRP
Definition: is a presentation-oriented specification aimed at portals/portlets. [1]
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSRP
 
WSRP 1.0
Definition: Standardizing presentation-oriented Web services for use by aggregating intermediaries, such as portals.
URL:http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsrp
 
WSRP 2.0
Definition: Integration of remote content and application logic into an End-User presentation has been a task requiring significant custom programming effort. Typically, vendors of aggregating applications, such as a portal, write special adapters for applications and content providers to accommodate the variety of different interfaces and protocols those providers use. The goal of this specification is to enable an application designer or administrator to pick from a rich choice of compliant remote content and application providers, and integrate them with just a few mouse clicks and no programming effort. This revision of the specification adds Consumer managed coordination, additional lifecycle management and a set of related aggregation enhancements.

This specification is the effort of the OASIS Web Services for Remote Portlets (WSRP) Technical Committee which aims to simplify the effort required of integrating applications to quickly exploit new web services as they become available.

This standard layers on top of the existing web services stack, utilizing existing web services standards and will leverage emerging web service standards (such as policy) as they become available. The interfaces defined by this specification use the Web Services Description Language (WSDL).

URL:http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/18617/wsrp-2.0-spec-pr-01.html
 
WSRP4J
Definition: Integration of content and application into portals has been a task requiring significant custom programming effort. Portal vendors or organizations running portals had to write special adapter portlets to allow portals to communicate with the different applications and content providers to accommodate a variety of interfaces and protocols. The OASIS Web Services for Remote Portlets (WSRP) standard simplifies integration of remote applications/content into portals so that portal administrators can pick from a rich choice of services and integrate it in their portal without programming effort. As a result, WSRP becomes the means for content and application providers to provide their services to organizations running portals in a very easily consumable form.

The Apache WSRP4J open source project was initiated by IBM to facilitate quick adoption of the WSRP standard by content and application providers and portal vendors. They can use WSRP4J as a platform for developing and hosting WSRP compliant web services. The OASIS WSRP standard will enable thousands of portals to aggregate content from tens of thousands of content and application providers offering hundreds of thousands of user-facing, pluggable web services for millions of end users/devices.

URL:http://portals.apache.org/wsrp4j/
 
X (Return to Top):
X.509
Definition:
URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.509
 
Xaraya
Definition:
URL:http://www.xaraya.com/
 
XCAT
Definition:
URL:http://extreme.cs.indiana.edu/xcat
 
Y (Return to Top):
 
 
Z (Return to Top):
 
 
References
[1]:http://dhruv.uits.indiana.edu/portals/portals-101.pdf